水稻光温敏核不育的分子与表观调控机理

两系法杂交水稻(Oryza sativa)的核心是光温敏核不育系,近年来对光温敏核不育系的研究取得了巨大进展.本文概述了光温敏雄性核不育基因的定位与克隆、育性转换机理、不育分子机制以及光温敏核不育的表观调控新进展,并对光温敏核不育的表观遗传学研究前景进行展望,以期为两系杂交水稻育种提供理论指导.     

DNA微阵列技术在病原细菌基因转录谱分析中的应用

 DNA微阵列技术是近年来发展起来的一种功能基因组学研究技术。随着这项新技术的建立和日趋完善及其在植物病理学研究中的应用,为病原细菌致病机理的研究带来了新思路并开辟了新途径。利用DNA微阵列技术,检测病原细菌在不同生长条件下和在侵染植物过程中的基因转录谱,可以从基因组水平上鉴定出新的与毒性和适应性相关的基因及其表达调控网络,有助于阐明这些基因的生物学功能及其机理。本文结合本实验室近几年来的相关研究结果,综述DNA微阵列技术在病原细菌转录谱研究中应用的最新进展。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

绿色木霉Tr9701对多种病原菌的抑制作用及其抑病机理

对筛选获得的绿色木霉菌株Tr9701（Tr／ehodemmviride）进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明,Tr9701对立枯病菌和灰霉病菌等多种病原菌具有较强抑菌活性。小区试验表明,Tr9701菌剂对黄瓜立枯病的防治效果在66．27％-73．46％间,对番茄灰霉病的防病效果在70：85％-80．06％间。并通过产几丁质酶活性等对其抗病机理进行了初探,结果表明绿色木霉菌Tr9701产生几丁质酶,且经诱导处理酶产量明显提高．其酶粗提液对立枯病菌、灰霉病菌有显著抑制作用。显微观察显示绿色木霉菌对立枯病菌具有较强的寄生能力。     

Kinematic analysis of a stabilized parallel mechanism platform for satellite communication 

The 3 RPS parallel mechanism under unsteady conditions was studied. By establishing geographical coordinate systems and connecting the position of the stabilized platform with the motive vector, operational formulas between normal vectors in upper and rod length were deduced, and the inverse solution derived. The character of velocity and acceleration was analyzed and the trajectory of work space plotted. Analysis indicates the time function of the rod length and the surface of the work space's trajectory are smooth, and no singular position has been found.     

Measurement and fissuring of rice kernels during quasi-moisture sorption by image analysis

Fissuring associated with kernel elongation was evident in a moisture-adsorbing environment at 15 °C of relative humidity 88.72±0.28% with moisture content from 6% (d.b.) to 16.3% (d.b.). The average length and width of 800 kernels was measured during the sorption test using a Cervitec Grain Inspector equipped with two digital cameras. Samples were exposed to both a moisture-adsorbing and desorbing environments at 15 °C with relative humidities of 23.4±0.53%, 55.9±0.27%, 70.98±0.28% and 88.72±0.28%. On image analysis, the kernels changed in size from 5.13 to 4.84 mm in length and 2.9 to 2.73 mm in width. Both length and width changed as expected during moisture-adsorbing and moisture-desorbing tests. Fissured kernel percent was related to changes in the average length of the kernels during the moisture-adsorbing tests. The average length and fissured kernel percent of rice kernels measured by image analysis may be considered as a reliable indicator of changes in their dimensions during quasi-static moisture sorption processes.     

Effects of Diseases on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cattle Ⅰ: Current Situation and Its Mechanism

Over the past 20 years,with the continuous promotion of the genetic improvement plan of dairy cow population and the continuous improvement of feeding technology,the intensive level and milk yield of dairy cow population in China are continuously improving.However,the reproduction data over the years showed that the more milk yield,the more obviously decline in reproductive performance,and the more prominent of the reproductive problems.The decline of fertility caused by high yield has become the bottleneck of the development of dairy industry in China and even in the world.In dairy farming,there are many factors that cause the reduction of reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows,including genetic factors,environmental factors and disease factors.Recently,the influence of disease factors on reproductive performance of dairy cows has become more and more prominent.According to the location of the disease,the diseases can be divided into genital diseases and non-genital diseases.This paper discussed the relevant research data on the effects of different diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focusing on the analysis of the molecular mechanism of diseases affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows through the nervous system,reproductive endocrine system and humoral immune system.The prospect and thinking for the future research of diseases and reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows were put forward to provide reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency and economic benefits of high-yield dairy cows in China.     

辣椒热胁迫及耐热性研究进展

热胁迫已经成为辣椒生产中不可忽视的环境因子.从热胁迫对辣椒生长发育的影响、辣椒耐热性的鉴定及提高辣椒耐热性的措施等方面,对近年来国内外有关辣椒耐热性研究的进展进行了综述,为进一步揭示辣椒耐热机制和提高辣椒耐热性的研究提供思路和参考.热胁迫下辣椒叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cs)和蒸腾速率持续下降,花粉和花药正常发育受阻,抗氧化系统受到破坏,胞内Ca2+分布异常,激素比例改变,但使用耐热品种可减轻热胁迫的影响.辣椒耐热性的鉴定指标主要包括胁迫类、保护类、光合作用类和生殖类指标等.由于涉及的代谢过程较多,辣椒耐热性需从多方面进行综合评价.提高辣椒耐热性的主要措施有热锻炼、外源化学物质处理、培育耐热品种等,其中培育耐热品种是最经济有效,同时也是对生态环境最友好的方法.     

成体干细胞的研究现状与展望

近年来，干细胞特有的生物学特性及其潜在的生物医学应用价值使之成为生命科学领域最热点、最前沿的课题之一。随着对干细胞研究的不断深入，人们发现成体干细胞除了具有较强的自我更新、高度增殖和多向分化潜能外还具有分化方向的可塑性。作者根据国内外研究成果，综述了成体干细胞的“可塑性”研究的最新进展，以及成体干细胞可塑性研究的前景及存在的主要问题。     

Molecular functions of genes related to grain shape in rice

Because grain shape is an important component of rice grain yield, the discovery of genes related to rice grain shape has attracted much attention of rice breeding programs. In recent years, some of these genes have been cloned and studied. They have been found not only regulate grain shape by changing the shape of the spikelet hull, but also regulate endosperm development through control of cell division using different molecular mechanisms. In this paper, we review the recent research on genes related to rice grain shape and their possible regulatory mechanisms.